|
|
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien) is responsible for deciding about the anual award of the Nobel price. The first Nobel prize in physics was awarded to Wilhelm Röntgen in 1901. |
BOHR, AAGE, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, * 1922;
MOTTELSON, BEN, Denmark, Nordita, Copenhagen, * 1926 (in Chicago, U.S.A.); and
RAINWATER, JAMES, U.S.A., Columbia University, New York, NY, * 1917, + 1986:
"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection".
RICHTER, BURTON, U.S.A., Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, * 1931;
TING, SAMUEL C. C., U.S.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, (European Center for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland), * 1936:
"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind".
ANDERSON, PHILIP W., U.S.A., Bell Laboratories,Murray Hill, NJ, * 1923;
MOTT, Sir NEVILL F., Great Britain, Cambridge University, Cambridge, * 1905, + 1996; and
VAN VLECK, JOHN H., U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1899, + 1980:
"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems".
KAPITSA, PYOTR LEONIDOVICH, USSR, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, * 1894, + 1984:
"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics";
and the other half divided equally between:
PENZIAS, ARNO A., U.S.A., Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, * 1933 (in Munich, Germany); and
WILSON, ROBERT W., U.S.A., Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, * 1936:
"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation".
GLASHOW, SHELDON L., U.S.A., Lyman Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1932;
SALAM, ABDUS, Pakistan, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, and Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, Great Britain, * 1926; and
WEINBERG, STEVEN, U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1933:
"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current".
CRONIN, JAMES, W., U.S.A., University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, * 1931; and
FITCH, VAL, L., U.S.A., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, * 1923:
"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons".
BLOEMBERGEN, NICOLAAS, U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1920 (in the Netherlands); and
SCHAWLOW, ARTHUR L., U.S.A., Stanford University, Stanford, CA, * 1921:
"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy";
and the other half to:
SIEGBAHN, KAI M., Sweden, Uppsala University, Uppsala, * 1918:
"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy".
"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions". (biography)
CHANDRASEKHAR, SUBRAMANYAN, U.S.A., University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, * 1910 (in Lahore, India), + 1995:
"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars".
and by the other half to:
FOWLER, WILLIAM A., U.S.A., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, * 1911, U 1995:
"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe".
RUBBIA, CARLO, Italy, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, * 1934; and
VAN DER MEER, SIMON, the Netherlands, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, * 1925:
"for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction".
"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect".
RUSKA, ERNST, Federal Republic of Germany, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, * 1906, + 1988:
"for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope".
and the other half jointly to:
BINNIG, GERD, Federal Republic of Germany, IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland, * 1947; and
ROHRER, HEINRICH, Switzerland, IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland, * 1933:
"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope".
BEDNORZ, J. GEORG, Federal Republic of Germany, IBM Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland, * 1950; and
MÜLLER, K. ALEXANDER, Switzerland, IBM Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland, * 1927:
"for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials".
LEDERMAN, LEON M., U.S.A., Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, * 1922;
SCHWARTZ, MELVIN, U.S.A., Digital Pathways, Inc., Mountain View, CA, * 1932; and
STEINBERGER, JACK, U.S.A., CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, * 1921 (in Bad Kissingen, FRG):
"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino".
RAMSEY, NORMAN, F., U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1915:
"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks".
and the other half jointly to:
DEHMELT, HANS, G., U.S.A., University of Washington, Seattle, WA, * 1922 (in Görlitz, Germany); and
PAUL, WOLFGANG, Federal Republic of Germany, University of Bonn, Bonn, * 1913, U 1993:
"for the development of the ion trap technique".
FRIEDMAN, JEROME I., U.S.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, * 1930;
KENDALL, HENRY W., U.S.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, * 1926; and
TAYLOR, RICHARD E., Canada, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, U.S.A., * 1929:
"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics".
"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers".
"for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber".
HULSE, RUSSELL A., U.S.A., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, * 1950, and
TAYLOR Jr., JOSEPH, H., U.S.A., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, * 1941:
"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation".
"for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter"
by one half to:
BROCKHOUSE, BERTRAM N., Canada, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, * 1918:
"for the development of neutron spectroscopy"
and by the other half to:
SHULL, CLIFFORD G., U.S.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, * 1915:
"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique".
"for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics",
with one half to:
PERL, MARTIN L. U.S.A., * 1927, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, U.S.A.
"for the discovery of the tau lepton",
and with one half to:
REINES, FREDERICK U.S.A., * 1918, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, U.S.A.:
"for the detection of the neutrino".
Additional background material on their work (based on the press release of the Nobel committee) is available here.
LEE, DAVID M. ,U.S.A., Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, * 1931,
OSHEROFF, DOUGLAS D., U.S.A., Stanford University, Stanford, California, * 1945,
RICHARDSON, ROBERT C., U.S.A., Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, * 1937,
"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3.".
Additional background material on their work (based on the press release of the Nobel committee) is available here.
CHU, STEVEN ,U.S.A., Stanford University, Stanford, California, * 1948,
COHEN-TANNOUDJI, CLAUDE, France, Collège de France and École Normale Supérieure, * 1933,
PHILLIPS, WILLIAM, D. , U.S.A., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, * 1948,
"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light.".
Additional background material on their work (based on the press release of the Nobel committee) is available here.
LAUGHLIN, ROBERT B., U.S.A., Stanford University, California, * 1950,
STÖRMER, HORST L., U.S.A., Columbia University, New York and Bell Labs, New Jersey, * 1949,
TSUI, DANIEL C., U.S.A., Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, * 1939,
"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations."
Additional background material on their work (based on the press release of the Nobel committee) is available here.
'T HOOFT, GERARDUS, Netherlands, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, * 1946,
VELTMAN, MARTINUS J.G., Netherlands, University of Michigan, USA, resident in Bilthoven, the Netherlands * 1931,
"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics."
Additional background material on their work (based on the press release of the Nobel committee) is available here.
ZHORES I. ALFEROV, A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, * 1930 in Vitebsk, White Russia,
HERBERT KROEMER, University of California at Santa Barbara, California, USA, * 1928 in Germany,
"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics".
and one half to
Jack S. Kilby, Texas Instruments, Dallas, Texas, USA, * 1923 at Jefferson City, Missouri, USA,
"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit".
Additional background material on their work (based on the press release of the Nobel committee) is available here.
ERIC A. CORNELL, JILA and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Colorado, USA, *1961, USA.
WOLFGANG KETTERLE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, *1957, Germany.
CARL E. WIEMAN, JILA and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA, *1951, USA.
"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates".
Additional background material on their work (based on the press release of the Nobel committee) is available here.
RICCARDO GIACCONI, Associated Universities Inc. Washington, DC, USA *1931, Genoa, Italy.
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources",
and with the other half jointly to:
RAYMOND DAVIS Jr., University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA, *1914.
MASATOSHI KOSHIBA, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan *1926.
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos",
Additional background material on their work (based on the press release of the Nobel committee) is available here.
| Matpack Library, © B.M.Gammel, last change 28 Mar 2003 |